Ideas and money alone won't get us there...

Why a joined-up, total system for innovation is what Scotland needs now

Eureka!Europe has proudly contributed thoughtful, evidence-based insights and ideas to the Scottish Government's 2022 Innovation Strategy consultation.

Like every carefully crafted tartan cloth, the fabric of Scotland's innovation system needs to be thought-out and joined up. You can't start weaving without a plan.

As a business working with innovative organisations across the UK, Europe and Middle East, we appreciate the many challenges of bringing about lasting change in an innovation culture. There is no quick fix; any worthwhile transformation may take months or years.

Scotland is on its own innovation and entrepreneurship journey, with economic growth as the measure of success.

A few weeks ago we were encouraged by colleagues in Scottish Government to make a contribution to the open consultation on the country's innovation strategy. Part of the homework was reading the detailed Economic Evidence Paper, issued by the office of the economic advisor.

We found the questions in the consultation document clear, thoughtful and provocative. We focused on those questions that highlighted the lack of an overall innovation system, which is an issue that crosses over sectors and technologies.

Our final submission-in-full also turned out to be a really useful manifesto of what the Eureka!Europe team believes about evidence-based innovation.

Here are the highlights from our executive summary:

Businesses need to recognise the need to innovate and want to grow.

This is especially true for the SMEs that make up 90+% of the Scottish economy, and who provide most of the job growth. However, it must be recognised that a proportion of these businesses legitimately do not want to grow. Therefore, the focus of the Scottish Government’s effort and resources needs to be on their ‘ambivalent’ and ‘ambitious’ SME peers, the early adopters and the willing.

There are effective parts of the Scottish innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem, but there is no overarching innovation system design

At the moment, the many parts are being individually optimised (funded, improved, resourced, managed). A ‘total system’ redesign is required, with defined sub-systems that include: Education, Alignment, Collaboration, Validation Testing, Business Opportunity Recommendation, Funding and Intellectual Property. Existing sub-systems such as Research can be integrated and adapted where required, ensuring the overall system goal of economic growth can be realised.

Academia and Business collaboration is most effective when the working relationships are facilitated by skilled third parties

Advising on the initial ‘fit’ of know-how (academia) and requirements (business), these 'guides' provide continuity throughout the innovation project and across its various phases. Importantly, they also minimise the interfaces and hand-off points between government agencies and other service providers.

A combination of money, mentorship, and skills development drives better return on investment.

Investing a portion of start-up / scale-up funding in innovation and entrepreneurial capability building means that the money works harder; creating internal know-how allows entrepreneurs to ‘try again’ if their first ideas fail and allows successful SMEs to repeat their success with new services, products or business models in the future. Supporting and coordinating the entrepreneurial journey requires skilled innovation facilitators, who know how to make effective use of Scotland’s total innovation system.

Change the funding imbalance between Higher Education R&D (well-funded) and Business R&D (under-invested).

A successful and sustainable innovation system allocates 80-90% of the innovation budget on the development and delivery of the innovation. With clearly defined Idea Creation and Validation Testing sub-systems at the front end of innovation, research shows the odds of innovation success are increased by 250%, with most of the budget available for commercialisation.

We've backed up our thinking with references and hard data. If the ideas in our submission have sparked questions or fresh thinking - get in touch connect@eureka1europe.com .

📝 READ OUR FULL SUBMISSION

SMEs – no risk, no reward?

Behaviour and Motivation of Businesses in Scotland (Ipsos Mori 2018)

Research conducted by Ipsos Mori across Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Scotland was commissioned by the Scottish Government in 2018 because at the time

• Scotland produced only half as many scaling start-ups versus the rest of UK.

• Scotland was below the EU average for medium sized enterprises engaging in innovative behaviours.

The Research grouped businesses into three categories: Growth Averse (don’t want to grow), Ambivalent (want to grow little and slowly) and Ambitious (actively want to grow). As you can see from the diagram above

- Growth Averse prioritise lifestyle choices

- Growth Ambivalent fear risk

- Growth Ambitious want rewards

Across the piece, however, SMEs cited a lack of skills, a lack of time and resource, financial constraints and uncertainty about the future as barriers to future growth.

That is perhaps why when we move forward to Scotland in 2021 and look at the National Performance Framework Indicators we see that the number of registered businesses per 10,000 adults has remained fairly static around 390 since 2016 and the number of High Growth businesses remains flat at 1.1% over the same period.

In addition, the percentage of innovative businesses dropped from 45% in 2017 survey to 32.2% in 2019, which is the latest data available.

Remember, most of this data is pre-covid. It may be even worse now!

What’s happening is that the very people the support structure in Scotland is set up to help don’t have the time, money or inclination to take what they see as unnecessary risks to attain the rewards from growth.

That is quite a conundrum. How do you solve it?

Reduce Risk and Increase Reward

What if there was a proven system for innovation that could reduce risk and increase reward for SMEs who were not Growth Averse?

There is! It is known as Innovation Engineering, and has been used by tens of thousands of SMEs to deliver successful innovations. That is not an opinion or an empty boast. It is simply a fact, based on freely available data.

The Innovation Engineering Institute has the only data base in the world with over £15 billion pounds worth of innovations in its pipeline as evidence. It has proven tools and techniques embedded in a total system for innovation guaranteed to reduce risk. Their own benchmarking comparisons with conventional business processes show a 10x greater innovation success rate alongside a 72% increase in value and 6x faster rate to market.

Significant rewards await any Growth Ambivalent or Growth Ambitious SME that has the vision to embed this system in their business. The team at Eureka!Europe stands ready to work with any SMEs that want to make that vision a reality

Create Time and Space

Of course, creating the time and space for SMEs to learn and apply innovation skills is a different kind of challenge.

One which requires the combined efforts of partners across the Scottish ecosystem to address.

My Call to Action to those public and private stakeholders is simple

- Read the Scottish Government Research that has been conducted with SMEs here.

- Look at the National Performance Framework Indicators to see the impact here.

- Collaborate NOW, with us to drive sustainable economic growth for Scotland here.

Surely the time is nigh for Scotland to realise its full innovation potential. Through Innovation Engineering an opportunity exists to bring about the change that has eluded us for so long.

The Climate Emergency and Crossing the Chasm

Think about the behaviour change required to address the climate emergency.

That is, the behaviour of politicians, legislators, energy producers, industry leaders, private sector, public sector, non-profits, householders, in fact everyone, everywhere!

Figure 1: Dr Everett Roger's 'Diffusion of Innovation' curve - why we need to support the proactive 2.5%

Geoffrey A. Moore in his book Crossing the Chasm details the co-called 'adoption curve' and uses it to explain the take-up of high-tech products. The first 2.5% to buy are classed as innovators, the next 13.5% the early adopters. These two sectors represent the visionaries with a passion for the new idea. Over the other side of the 'chasm' are the early majority at 34%. The pragmatists, and the significant prize that allows the new product to tip into the mainstream.

The Climate Emergency is not a high-tech product. However, Moore’s theory holds true for disruptive innovations that force a significant behaviour change on the part of the customer. If we are to save humanity, this is what we need and fast! Therefore, it can be argued that the adoption curve is certainly applicable and perhaps helpful as we seek to tackle the significant behaviour change required of us all to address the climate emergency now and at pace.

Similarly, the Diffusion of Innovation (Dr Everett Rogers,1962) in Fig.1 follows the same pattern. At Eureka!Europe, we enable leaders to embed a culture of innovation into their organisations. This starts with a cross-section of the business being trained in the tools and techniques of an operating system (Innovation Engineering™) that establishes innovation as a business-wide system. This is a system in which everyone involved understands their role and how to contribute. We see the diffusion of innovation (Fig. 1) spread across the organisation in the same way, leading to a culture of never-ending innovation.

It's actually very helpful to accept laggards as a fact of life. In this way, we don’t waste energy.

Understanding the theory of adoption and the theory of diffusion helps you figure out what it takes to convince each segment of the need for change. It's actually very helpful to accept laggards as a fact of life. In this way, we don’t waste energy. We work with the willing, those who volunteer to be part of the change. The innovators and early adopters win hearts and minds and build a body of evidence that convinces the early majority who persuade the late majority.

So, back to the climate emergency. Who are the Innovators and Early Adopters? Are they in positions of leadership that can bring about change quickly? Or is it only activists and their supporters that make up that game-changing 2.5.% + 13.5% at the start of the adoption curve?

There is evidence ('Economic policy making in evolutionary perspective' 2011-09-20 by Ulrich Witt, Max-Planck-Institute for Research into Economic Systems) that suggests that the Official, Political and Economic elite are less likely to be Innovators and Early Adopters. The research compares Diffusion of Innovation Theory with Public Choice Theory and finds that the “Elites are often not innovators and innovations may have to be introduced by outsiders and propagated up a hierarchy to the top decision makers”. It seems those with power and influence are more likely to be resistant to change.

It seems those with power and influence are more likely to be resistant to change.

However, let’s end on an optimistic note. When driving culture change, even in complex organisations, once 10% of the business has unshakable belief, culture change does follow. Laggards either leave or are won over. Change happens faster working with the willing.

To cross the chasm, we need to urgently support the 2.5% doing their passionate best to bring about change from the bottom up.

I'm in the 2.5% of my organisation. Let's talk!